{"id":3229,"date":"2009-10-21T03:18:46","date_gmt":"2009-10-21T03:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alanyaproperties.com\/tuerkiye\/"},"modified":"2017-05-17T00:12:52","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T00:12:52","slug":"turkiye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alanyaproperties.com\/tr\/turkiye-yatirim\/genel-bilgiler\/turkiye\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>, resm\u00ee ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti.\u00a0 Ba\u015fkenti Ankara olan ve Kuzey yar\u0131mk\u00fcrede eski d\u00fcnya karalar\u0131 denilen, Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine en \u00e7ok yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada bulunan \u00fclke.\u00a0 \u00dclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Anadolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan Trakya’da bulunur.\u00a0 Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile d\u00fcnyada 2 k\u0131tay\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan tek \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00dclkenin \u00fc\u00e7 yan\u0131 Akdeniz, Karadeniz ve bu iki denizi birbirine ba\u011flayan Bo\u011fazlar ile Marmara Denizi ve Ege Denizi ile \u00e7evrilidir.\u00a0 Kom\u015fular\u0131 Yunanistan, Bulgaristan, G\u00fcrcistan, Ermenistan, Azerbaycan (Nah\u00e7\u0131van \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti) ile, \u0130ran, Irak ve Suriye’dir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda yenilmesinden sonra, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin yerine kurulan ard\u0131l devletler i\u00e7inde tek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet olarak devletin T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahip topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6nderli\u011findeki halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi ile kurulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 (Arnold Joseph Toynbee gibi baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler ise T\u00fcrkiye’nin (ba\u015fl\u0131ca ard\u0131l olmak bir yana) tek ard\u0131l devlet say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunurlar.\u00a0 29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde cumhuriyeti ilan eden T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti devletinin kurucu iradesinin sahibidir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>, aralar\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Kuzey Atlantik Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Avrupa Konseyi, \u0130slam Konferans\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131, D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Karadeniz Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc gibi bir\u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcyedir.\u00a0 3 Ekim 2005 tarihinden itibaren Avrupa Birli\u011fi’ne tam \u00fcyelik i\u00e7in m\u00fczakerelere ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, siyaset bilimciler ve ekonomistlere g\u00f6re bir b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.
\nBilim adamlar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar T\u00fcrkiye s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130talyanca’dan geldi\u011fini kabul ederler.\u00a0\u00a0Tarih\u00e7i \u0130lber Ortayl\u0131 bir makalesinde Cenevizli ve Venedikli t\u00fcccar ve diplomatlar\u0131n, 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, T\u00fcrkiye’yi Turchia ve Turmenia olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.\u00a0 \u00a0Ayr\u0131ca, T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131 ilk defa 1190’da bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynakta, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi vak’ayinamesinde ge\u00e7mektedir.\u00a0 \u00a0Abdulhaluk \u00c7ay ise Turchia tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok daha gerilere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr ve Turchia tabirine ilk defa 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir ve \u015f\u00f6yle der “Bu tabir 9. ve 10. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130dil\/Volga Nehri’nden Orta Avrupa’ya kadar uzanan saha i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00a0Bu kullan\u0131m\u0131n Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesinde Hazar Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019si, Arpad Hanedan\u0131’n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu Macar Devleti i\u00e7in Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkiyesi \u015feklinde oldu\u011funu ve ayn\u0131 tabirin 12. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Anadolu i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.\u00a0\u00a0 Tarihte 13-14. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fbkleri de T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131: “ed-devlet \u00fct T\u00fcrkiya” (1250-1387).\u00a0 T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki kelime anlam\u0131 ise T\u00fcrk ve \u0130ye (ait) kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye kelimesidir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131 kullan\u0131lmad\u0131; Devlet-i \u00c2liyye, Devlet-i Osmaniye, Memalik-i \u015eahane, Diyar-\u0131 Rum adlar\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Fakat d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu (Ottoman Empire) ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak yerine T\u00fcrkiye (Turkey) ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00a0O d\u00f6nemde yabanc\u0131 dillerle \u00e7izilmi\u015f haritalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortadad\u0131r.\u00a0 Daha sonra, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda Osmaniye yerine T\u00fcrkistan, T\u00fcrkeli, T\u00fcrkili gibi adlar \u00f6nerildiyse de, Orta Asya’da T\u00fcrkistan adl\u0131 bir devlet oldu\u011fundan bu benimsenmedi. Anayasada (1921) “T\u00fcrkiye” ad\u0131 yaz\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1923’de devletin resmi ad\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye olarak kabul edildi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>, Atat\u00fcrk ve silah arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan yenik \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015f\u0131 kazanan devletlerce payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Anadolu ve Trakya’da kalan topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130stiklal Harbi, Misak-\u0131 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00fclke b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak, milli egemenli\u011fe dayal\u0131, tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yeni bir T\u00fcrk devleti kurmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm millet\u00e7e giri\u015filen, \u00e7ok cepheli bir sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’nda d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 koyan, \u00fclkenin direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri ve g\u00fc\u00e7leri olan milli g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Osmanl\u0131 ordusu ile Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 milis ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerinden olu\u015fan Kuvay\u0131 Milliye’dir.<\/p>\n

Kuvay\u0131 Milliye, \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131n\u0131n Yunan, \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z, \u0130talyan birliklerince ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi, Mondros M\u00fctarekesi ile \u00fclkeye a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131n dayat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun silahlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her \u015feyin bitti san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, milletin tepkisi olarak do\u011fan bir halk direni\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

12 Haziran 1919’da Havza’dan Amasya’ya gelen Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa buradan yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildiri ile \u00fclkenin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla sapt\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lerin birle\u015fmesinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini vurguluyordu.\u00a0 Mustafa Kemal Amasya’da Anadolu ve Rumeli’de kurulan M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Dernekleri’ni birle\u015ftirme, kongreler yaparak t\u00fcm milletin kesin karar\u0131na dayal\u0131 yeni bir y\u00f6netim kurma amac\u0131yla Amasya Tamimi’ni haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu tamim milli egemenli\u011fe dayal\u0131 yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin kurulmas\u0131 yolunda at\u0131lan ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0 Milletin te\u015fkilatland\u0131rma ve m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemleri belirginle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Milli Egemenlik ve milli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k fikri ilk kez ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8 Temmuz’da \u0130stanbul’a g\u00f6revinden ve askerlikten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fbmeti ile t\u00fcm ili\u015fkilerini sona erdiren Mustafa Kemal ertesi g\u00fcn M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti Erzurum \u015eubesi’nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi. 23 Temmuz 1919’da Mustafa Kemal’in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan Erzurum Kongresi’nde al\u0131nan karar ile;<\/p>\n

\u201c Mill\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde vatan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr, b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez \u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin ilk \u00fcyeleriMill\u00ee direni\u015fi olu\u015fturmada ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131m olan ve 4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919 tarihinde yap\u0131lan Sivas Kongresi’nde[36] Mustafa Kemal Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti’nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilerek Milli Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n yetkili lideri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

27 Aral\u0131k 1919’da Ankara’ya gelen Mustafa Kemal Ankara’y\u0131 Anadolu’daki direni\u015f hareketinin merkezi olarak se\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’un i\u015fgalinden \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, Atat\u00fcrk \u00fcnl\u00fc 19 Mart 1920 tarihli bildiriyi yay\u0131mlayarak, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler ta\u015f\u0131yan bir meclisin Ankara’da toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulu\u015f temellerinin Ankara’da at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk 21 Nisan’da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci bir bildiri ile, Meclis’in 23 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f t\u00f6reninin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n

TBMM, 24 Nisan 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci toplant\u0131s\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal’i (Atat\u00fcrk), ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa se\u00e7ti.\u00a0 Mustafa Kemal, kendi \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kurulan TBMM’nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi\u011fi g\u00fcn olan 29 Ekim 1923 tarihine kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin devlet yap\u0131s\u0131
\nY\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi Cumhuriyet olan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, Mustafa Kemal \u00f6nderli\u011finde 1923’te kurulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Resm\u00ee dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’dir. \u00a0Demokratik, laik, sosyal bir hukuk devleti y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u00a0 Yasama i\u015flerini T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, y\u00fcr\u00fctme i\u015flerini H\u00fck\u00fbmet, yarg\u0131 i\u015flerini ise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z mahkemeler yapar.\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye’de 1923’te cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131 ile devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 devletin ba\u015f\u0131 ve ba\u015fkomutand\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu s\u0131fatla T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni ve T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin birli\u011fini temsil eder. Anayasan\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131, devlet organlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli ve uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) (Kurulu\u015f: 23 Nisan 1920).\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin yasama organ\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Halk taraf\u0131ndan her 4 y\u0131lda bir yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imler ile belirlenen milletvekilleri, TBMM \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda yasama g\u00f6revini yerine getirmek \u00fczere kanunlar\u0131 belirler. TBMM’ye 550 milletvekili se\u00e7ilmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ba\u015f\u0131 olan ba\u015fbakan, Bakanlar Kurulu’na ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eder, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve icraatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde her 4 y\u0131lda bir genel se\u00e7imle olu\u015fan Meclis taraf\u0131ndan Ba\u015fbakan, 4 y\u0131l s\u00fcre ile se\u00e7ilir<\/p>\n

“T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni kuran T\u00fcrkiye Halk\u0131’na T\u00fcrk Milleti denir” \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.
\nBug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin temelleri, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda gerileyen ve toprak kaybeden Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n kendini tan\u0131mlamas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 1912-13 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaybedilen Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 sonunda Balkanlar’dan Anadolu’ya g\u00f6\u00e7enlerle T\u00fcrkl\u00fck \u015fuurunun geli\u015fmesi, T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda ilk olgudur.\u00a0 1915’deki \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 ile de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin karakteristik \u00f6zellikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin ne oldu\u011funu \u00f6zetleyen ikinci olgudur. \u00c7anakkale’den sonra Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 “T\u00fcrk Milleti”nin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olgudur.<\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 T\u00fcrkolog Carter V. Findley, D\u00fcnya Tarihinde T\u00fcrkler adl\u0131 eserinde, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Anadolu T\u00fcrkleri’ni; Orta Asya steplerinde ba\u015flayan ve Ankara’da son bulan bir otob\u00fcs yolculu\u011funa benzetir.\u00a0 Otob\u00fcs Ankara’ya gelene kadar pek\u00e7ok ara durakta durmu\u015f ve bu ara duraklarda yolcular\u0131n kimileri inmi\u015f ya da baz\u0131 yeni yolcular binmi\u015f. Bu duraklarda T\u00fcrkler pek\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fime girmi\u015fler, yeni dinler tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flar fakat en \u00f6nemli miraslar\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’yi korumay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Anadolu T\u00fcrkleri’nin ve Milleti’nin anlamland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda temel etkenlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.\u00a0 \u0130kincisi otob\u00fcs pek\u00e7ok durakta durmu\u015f olsa da Orta Asya’da kurulan medeniyetin getirdi\u011fi sa\u011flam k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikim ve miras, kimliklerini korumak i\u00e7in dayanak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n temel yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 “Orta Asya T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc” olu\u015fturur.\u00a0 Bunun yan\u0131nda Anadolu’dan kaynaklanan medeniyetler ile \u0130slam\u0131n getirdi\u011fi medeniyetler de T\u00fcrk Milleti i\u00e7inde kendine yer edinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, d\u00fcnyada ge\u00e7 geli\u015fen milliyet\u00e7ilik hareketlerinden birisidir. T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi Balkanlardaki ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da etkisiyle 1910’dan itibaren g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 T\u00fcrk edebiyat, tiyatro ve di\u011fer sanat eserlerinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i duygular Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na g\u00f6re daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

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T.C. vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman vatanda\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu S\u00fcnni mezhebindendir, S\u00fcnnilerin \u00e7o\u011fu Hanefi’dir. T\u00fcrkiye’de S\u00fcnnilikten sonra en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci mezheb Aleviliktir. Tahmini raporlara g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye’de 12 milyon Alevi inanc\u0131nda yurtta\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye’deki Alevilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Sivas, Tokat, Erzincan, Malatya ve Tunceli k\u00f6kenlidir.\u00a0 Bunlar\u0131n haricinde \u015eafii ve Caferi gibi di\u011fer mezheplere dahil vatanda\u015flar da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Toplam n\u00fcfusun \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir oran\u0131n\u0131 (%0.2’sinden az) az\u0131nl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan ve tarih boyunca gayrim\u00fcslim olarak tan\u0131mlanan H\u0131ristiyan ve Museviler olu\u015fturur.\u00a0 Bunlar 50.000 Ermeni Gregoryen , 25.114 Musevi, 17.194 S\u00fcryani, 2.270 Rum Ortodoks ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.628 di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli din ve mezheplerden insanlard\u0131r (Katolik, Arap Ortodoks, Keldani, vs). N\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131nda sorulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ateist ve din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olanlarla ilgili sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir veri yoktur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye laik bir \u00fclkedir. Dinsel veya etnik \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip bir siyasi parti kurulmas\u0131 anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda dinin devlet denetimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemeyece\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131larak, devlet taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesi gerekti\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna dayanarak 3 Mart 1924 tarihinde Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 bir te\u015fkilat olarak Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Dini inan\u00e7 veya inanmama, dini kurallar\u0131 \u015fah\u0131s olarak uygulama veya uygulamama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Anayasa’n\u0131n korumas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1923’ten \u00f6nce ge\u00e7erli olan dini kanunlar tamamen ge\u00e7erlilikten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde resm\u00ee aidiyet unsuru olan ‘M\u00fcsl\u00fcman’ kavram\u0131 1923’ten beri kullan\u0131lmaz. Bu aidiyetin(iyelik) yerine, milli aidiyet(iyelik) olan ‘T\u00fcrk’ kavram\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye’nin resm\u00ee dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7edir.\u00a0 \u00a0Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u015fiveler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 E\u011fitimde ve bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda ise \u0130stanbul a\u011fz\u0131 tercih edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm halk\u0131n\u0131n ileti\u015fimini sa\u011flayan ve hem resmi dil hem de e\u011fitim dili olan T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin yan\u0131nda g\u00fcndelik hayatta ba\u015fka diller de konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00a0Bunlar Abazaca, Arnavut\u00e7a, Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a ve \u00c7erkezce Marmara b\u00f6lgesi’nde ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu’da; Lazca, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce ve Rumca Karadeniz’de; Arap\u00e7a, S\u00fcryanice, Zazaca ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e gibi diller Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00c7ok az say\u0131da olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen resmen az\u0131nl\u0131k durumunda bulunan Rumlar ve Ermeniler’in bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ile Museviler’in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fcndelik hayatta kendi dillerini konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc
\nT\u00fcrkiye’nin topraklar\u0131 36\u00b0 – 42\u00b0 Kuzey paralelleri ve 26\u00b0 – 45\u00b0 Do\u011fu meridyenleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Do\u011fusu ile bat\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda 76 dakikal\u0131k bir zaman fark\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u00a0 Kabaca bir dikd\u00f6rtgeni and\u0131r\u0131r ve geni\u015fli\u011fi 1.660 kilometredir.\u00a0 G\u00f6ller ve adalar dahil kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek alan 814.578 km\u00b2’dir izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131 ise 783,562 km\u00b2’dir. [56]T\u00fcrkiye’ye ait bu iki y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm de\u011feri aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc arazinin da\u011fl\u0131k ve engebeli olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Marmara B\u00f6lgesi % 8,5, Ege B\u00f6lgesi % 12, Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi % 16, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi % 18, Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi % 18, Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi % 21, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi % 7,5 yer tutar. Trakya’n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 24.370 km\u00b2 dir. T\u00fcrkiye’nin kara s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 2.875 km, adalar dahil sahil uzunlu\u011fu 8.333 kilometredir. Kara par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n toplam alan\u0131 770.760 km\u00b2, su alanlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam alan\u0131 ise 9.820 km\u00b2’ dir.<\/p>\n

Co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeler
\nT\u00fcrkiye 6-21 Haziran 1941 tarihinde yap\u0131lan Birinci T\u00fcrk Co\u011frafya Kongresi’nde 7 ana co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye ve 21 co\u011frafi b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye’nin yedi co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgesinden d\u00f6rd\u00fcne kom\u015fu oldu\u011fu denizin ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir, di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lge de Anadolu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7indeki konumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0 Olu\u015fturulan co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgelerin herhangi bir siyasi \u00f6zelli\u011fi yoktur ve il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla da \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye, resm\u00ee ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti.\u00a0 Ba\u015fkenti Ankara olan ve Kuzey yar\u0131mk\u00fcrede eski d\u00fcnya karalar\u0131 denilen, Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine en \u00e7ok yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada bulunan \u00fclke.\u00a0 \u00dclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Anadolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan Trakya’da bulunur.\u00a0 Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile d\u00fcnyada 2 k\u0131tay\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan tek \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00dclkenin \u00fc\u00e7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1862,1888],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye - Properties in Alanya.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye - Properties in Alanya.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alanyaproperties.com\/tr\/turkiye-yatirim\/genel-bilgiler\/turkiye\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye - 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